Neck pain is one of the most common problems faced by adults today, often linked to poor posture, long hours at desks, and the natural aging process. One frequent cause is cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical osteoarthritis or degenerative changes of the cervical spine.

While it is often age-related, lifestyle factors can make symptoms worse. The good news is—most people with cervical spondylosis manage symptoms well with conservative treatments.

What is Cervical Spondylosis?

Cervical spondylosis refers to wear and tear of the bones, discs, and joints in the neck (cervical spine). With age, the discs lose flexibility and cushioning, leading to stiffness, pain, or nerve compression.

It is a very common condition, affecting more than 85% of people over the age of 60 to some degree, though younger adults may also develop it due to lifestyle or occupational habits.

Causes of Cervical Spondylosis -

Several factors contribute to the development of cervical spondylosis, including:

  • Aging: Natural degeneration of spinal discs and joints.

  • Poor posture: Long hours hunched over computers or smartphones (“tech neck”).

  • Herniated discs: Bulging or ruptured discs pressing on spinal nerves.

  • Bone spurs: Overgrowth of bone that can irritate or compress nerves.

  • Previous neck injury: Trauma can accelerate degeneration.

  • Repetitive strain: Jobs or activities involving frequent neck movement.

  • Genetics: Family history of spinal conditions may increase risk.

Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis -

Many people with cervical spondylosis experience no noticeable symptoms, but when they occur, they may include:

  • Persistent neck pain and stiffness

  • Headaches starting from the back of the head

  • Grinding sensation when moving the neck

  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms, hands, or fingers

  • Reduced range of motion in the neck

  • In severe cases: loss of balance or difficulty walking due to spinal cord compression

Diagnosis -

A doctor may use the following to diagnose cervical spondylosis:

  • Physical examination – checking neck movement, reflexes, and muscle strength

  • X-rays – to reveal bone changes or spurs

  • MRI/CT scans – to assess disc damage and nerve compression

  • Nerve conduction tests – if symptoms include tingling or weakness in limbs

Treatment Options for Cervical Spondylosis

1. Lifestyle and Home Remedies

  • Maintain good posture while working or using digital devices.

  • Apply heat or cold therapy for pain relief.

  • Perform gentle neck stretches and strengthening exercises.

  • Stay physically active and avoid long periods of inactivity.

2. Medications

  • Pain relievers (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen).

  • Muscle relaxants to ease stiffness.

  • Corticosteroid injections in severe cases to reduce inflammation.

3. Physical Therapy

  • Exercises to strengthen neck and shoulder muscles.

  • Posture training to reduce strain on the cervical spine.

  • Traction in some cases to relieve nerve compression.

4. Surgical Options (only in severe cases)

Surgery may be considered if conservative treatments fail and symptoms include:

  • Persistent, disabling pain

  • Severe nerve compression

  • Loss of bladder or bowel control

Common surgical procedures include removal of herniated discs, bone spurs, or spinal fusion to stabilize the spine.